Background
Since January 2020, continuing from its Community-Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) project, the Indonesian Red Cross (Palang Merah Indonesia / PMI) has continued to engage the support and partnership of American Red Cross to further build the capacities of targeted communities in preparing for and responding to disasters, as well as to strengthen PMI’s institutional capacities in delivering essential disaster risk management services to such communities, across Lampung and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) provinces. The project leverages the progressive and enabling environment in Indonesia to develop disaster-ready communities, while adhering to the national standards and indicators for resilient villages and safer schools. It adopts a sustainable and inclusive approach in its focus on enhancing disaster preparedness in proposed areas and among intended populations. This will ensure that project activities will address some of the most relevant vulnerabilities and underlying disaster risk factors -particularly regional disparities, inequality, exclusion, and chronic environmental degradation.
Understanding people’s perceptions is crucial in order to craft communication that motivates people to take action to improve their lives. An individual’s perception at any given time – such as regarding environmental damage or the availability of water in an area – may differ from official records. Learning from previous project experience and findings, there is need for Indonesian Red Cross to understand their beneficiaries’ communication needs in two watershed areas in the currently running program, in Way Kerap Tanggamus and Wae Pesi Manggarai.
The results of study will be used by the project manager to develop a communication strategy that is in accordance with the needs of the local context, including preparing channels, media and IEC materials that will be used by CBAT in campaigning for disaster risk reduction.
Research collaboration of Red Cross will focus on people’s perception of disaster risk reduction – particularly nature-based solutions and changes in climate, how these changes affect their lives and what they are doing to respond to them. Perceptions are shaped by a range of factors including exposure to media, communication with peers, personal beliefs and values, and education levels.
Objective
The overall objective of this formative research is to identify motivations, abilities, and opportunities related to the selected DRR behavior in the program locations in Lampung and NTT Provinces. The intended outcome of this research is to provide information that can be used to develop a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy that effectively addresses the target population’s obstacles and potential for change regarding Disaster Risk Reduction behavior. It should also contribute to identifying the best channels and relevant stakeholders to be involved in the strategy.
The specific objectives of the research are as follow:
To comprehensively identify the determinants of selected DRR behavior for the target group in terms of opportunity, ability and motivation. To identify potential areas for behavior change communication strategies to be developed. Identification of the opinions, perceptions and expectations of the communities, local authorities and local organizations (stakeholders) regarding nature-based solutions and Climate Change Communication in particular, regarding Indonesian Red Cross operations and community outreach activities. Evaluation of the current communication strategy used by Indonesian Red Cross with primary and secondary stakeholders in two watershed areas, and analysis of this evaluation. Development of an action plan that includes recommendations based on the results of the analysis, to assist Indonesian Red Cross in developing their communication strategy.
Scope of Activities
Tools Development
In order to meet the objectives of this TOR, the BCC Consultant will provide an identification tool (qualitative and quantitative) of the key components of the perception of stakeholders and nature-based solutions and climate change communication of Indonesian Red Cross. The objective is to identify the need, motivation and barriers including communicating messages and establishing effective communication measures with the communities. It will be important to include the cultural characteristics of the region while undertaking this identification. This activity will serve as the basis for developing a new communications strategy.
Data Collection
Data collection includes household interviews of 300 respondents within two watershed areas (Tanggamus and Manggarai) and in-depth interviews with 8 policy makers. Focus group discussion also will be included in 2 locations.
Deliverables
Report
Report that includes results and analysis of the perceptions and expectations evaluation. The analysis will provide the following information:
How people are being impacted now How well-informed people feel The extent to which people are taking action Whether people are aware of existing communications The extent to which each segmentation in Way Kerap and Wae Pesi watershed community are taking action & how this can be supported
Presentation to the Indonesia Red Cross and American Red Cross
Once the Reports have been completed, the BCC Consultant will facilitate a workshop with Indonesian Red Cross to present the research.
Action Plan and Recommendations
Based on the results of the evaluation, BCC Consultant will provide a list of the key issues of the analysis of opinions, and the analysis of the communication strategy (Community, PMI and Local Government).
Methodology
BCC Consultant will apply the following research methods to achieve the intended results of this TOR:
Quantitative Research:
As agreed, there will be 300 respondents from among Indonesian Red Cross beneficiaries. The sample distribution will be divided among 12 villages in Tanggamus and Manggarai Districts. To provide representative individual sampling from each location, kish grid will be used. The Kish Selection Method is essentially designed to ensure that an individual is more likely to respond to a less invasive survey.
Qualitative Research:
In-depth interviews will cover three government layers – Provincial, District and Sub- District – with sample distribution as follows:
Timeframe
The consultancy duration, including the research and report writing, is expected to be two months with total 30 working days
Budget and Human Resources
Budget are American Red Cross will be responsible for the consultancy costs as based on the details in these Terms of Reference and agreed upon in the corresponding contract with the selected consultant. Indonesian Red Cross will provide enumerator, data entry, FGD moderator and in-depth interviewees. BCC Consultant (and team, if relevant) will be responsible for developing research tools, performing analysis and writing report writing process.
